“Minding the gap” doesn’t mean dropping all of your fun expenses and putting it all in the bank. Instead, it simply mean

Which of the followings belongs to Michael Porter’s three generic forms of corporate strategy? ( )
A:Differentiation strategy
B:Generic strategy
C:Focus strategy
D:Cost Leadership Strategy
答案: Differentiation strategy
,Focus strategy
,Cost Leadership Strategy

Most people preferred to buy ( ) at local stores, particularly items like meat, tortillas and pan dulce which didn’t keep well overnight (many Mexicans lacked large refrigerators).
A:local produce
B:marine product
C:forest product
D:fresh produce
答案: fresh produce

In all three countries Wal-Mart found itself going head to head against well-established local rivals who had nicely matched their offerings to ( ).
A:discount strategy
B:local shopping habits
C:consumer preferences
D:retailing opportunities
答案: local shopping habits
,consumer preferences

Wal-Mart had also learned that in China, success requires it to embrace unions. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

The text could be divided into four parts. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Wal-Mart adapted its merchandising and operations strategies to mesh with Chinese culture and took measures such as ( ).
A:building smaller stores
B:hiring local managers
C:providing more fresh produce
D:displaying the meat uncovered
答案: providing more fresh produce
,displaying the meat uncovered

At the same time, Wal-Mart continued to look for retailing opportunities elsewhere, particularly in developed nations where it lacked strong local competitors, where it could gradually alter the shopping culture to its advantage, and where its low price strategy was appealing. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Consumers in developed countries seemed to have a preference for higher quality merchandise and were not as attracted to Wal-Mart’s ( ) as consumers in the United States and Mexico.
A:merchandising strategy
B:operations strategy
C:discount strategy
D:growth strategy
答案: discount strategy

Wal-Mart discovered that the Chinese were bargain hunters, and reluctant to the low price strategy and wide selection offered at Wal-Mart stores. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Peter Drucker was called “the father of modern management”. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

As he saw it, companies were increasingly dependent on the ( ), a term he created to describe the new work force whose contributions came from mental rather than manual dexterity.
A:performers
B:knowledge worker
C:partners
D:volunteers
答案: knowledge worker

Leadership involves ( ).
A:providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision
B:establishing a clear vision
C:sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly
D:coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders.
答案: providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision
,establishing a clear vision
,sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly
,coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders.

Peter’s views on ethics ran contrary to some of what others taught. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

He resented talk of ( ) and didn’t like the notion of managing workers either.
A:the cost of material
B:the cost of labor
C:the cost of manufacturing
D:the cost of products
答案: the cost of labor

While we cannot know for certain why Drucker was glad to tackle leadership head on, we do know that as a young man, Drucker witnessed the rise of Hitler, whose title-Fuehrer-means “Leader”. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

( ) were necessary for effective leadership.
A:strategic planning
B:personal integrity
C:Business ethics
D:good character
答案: personal integrity
,Business ethics

The first part of the text mainly talks about Drucker’s evolving attitudes toward leadership. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

In 2004, Drucker’s attitude towards leadership was ( ).
A:He abandoned his earlier position. Charismatic leadership as neither good nor bad but rather like “the force” in Star Wars, with a “dark side” that right-minded leaders needed to avoid.
B:Leadership could be learned, and it should be presented as a topic separate and distinct from management.
C:He gave the word leadership prominence.
D:Xenophon’s ideas on military leadership should be adapted by executives to modern management practice.
答案: He abandoned his earlier position. Charismatic leadership as neither good nor bad but rather like “the force” in Star Wars, with a “dark side” that right-minded leaders needed to avoid.

Please select Peter Drucker’s evolving attitudes in the followings: ( ).
A:management cannot create leaders
B:Leadership could be learned, and it should be presented as a topic separate and distinct from management
C:Leadership must be learned and can be learned.
D:Management is leadership
答案: management cannot create leaders
,Leadership could be learned, and it should be presented as a topic separate and distinct from management
,Leadership must be learned and can be learned.
,Management is leadership

Choose the definition of e-business from the followings: ( )
A:In most contexts e-business refers exclusively to Internet businesses.
B:In a more general sense, e-business may be used to describe any form of electronic business.
C:E-business is a term used to describe businesses run on the Internet, or utilizing Internet technologies to improve the productivity or profitability of business.
D:In a more general sense, e-business refers to any business which utilizes a computer.
答案: In most contexts e-business refers exclusively to Internet businesses.
,In a more general sense, e-business may be used to describe any form of electronic business.
,E-business is a term used to describe businesses run on the Internet, or utilizing Internet technologies to improve the productivity or profitability of business.
,In a more general sense, e-business refers to any business which utilizes a computer.

B2C refers to business-to-consumer, which refers to a business selling their products or services directly to an end customer. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

A business model represents a group of common characteristics and methods of doing business to generate sales revenues and ( ).
A:reduce profits
B:cutting cost
C:reduce expense
D:increase incomes
答案: reduce expense

In addition to providing round-the-clock global access to all kinds of products and services, B2C firms often attempt to build ( ) with their customers.
A:great relationships
B:good relationships
C:long-term relationships
D:short-term relationships
答案: long-term relationships

In addition to providing round-the-clock global access to all kinds of products and services, B2B firms often attempt to build long-term relationships with their customers. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Typical internal forces include a firm’s planning activities, ( ) and available financing.
A:organization structure
B:human resources
C:management decisions
D:information database
答案: organization structure
,human resources
,management decisions
,information database

The text can be divided into 3 parts, which tells us the Future of E-Business from the perspectives of growth, opportunities, and Challenges. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

A large portion of Dell’s online orders are from corporate clients. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

( ) refers to business-to-consumer, which refers to a business selling their products or services directly to an end customer.
A:B2B
B:C2C
C:O2O
D:B2C
答案: B2C

External forces are factors affecting e-business planning that originate from outside the organization. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

The title of Text A of unit 6 is ( ).
A:Consumer behavior
B:consumer attitudes
C:consumer behavior influencers
D:consumer service
答案: consumer behavior influencers

Consumer refers to( ).
A:The person who is charge of an organization
B:The person who is paid to work for an organization
C:The person who owns stocks and shares in a business
D:The person who buys goods and service
答案: The person who buys goods and service

The better we can understand the rational, emotional and often subconscious reasons for consumers’ actions, the better we will be at creating effective( ).
A:national organizations
B:corporate strategies
C:private enterprises
D:marketing campaigns
答案: marketing campaigns

The idea that you can sell one product to more than six billion people with the same( ) gets accountants all excited.
A:packaging and advertising
B:brands
C:price
D:Spoken-man
答案: packaging and advertising

Others are focused on getting the best deals through ( )

A:volume deals
B:sales
C:coupons
D:bargain

答案: volume deals,sales,coupons

The closer it moves to capitalism and the () it inspires, the faster its culture races toward a more individualist culture where your value as a human being is measured by ().（ ）
A:manager-driven culture
B:financial success
C:consumer-driven culture
D:money success
答案: financial success
,consumer-driven culture

A laundry detergent full of bleach may deliver ultra-white clothing in a market obsessed with cleanliness, and in an environmentally concerned market or a market where drinking water is hard to come by, this is OK. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

In the text, the author tells us there are two influencers on consumer behavior which deserve our attention: environment and culture. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Example for influence of environment in Para.7, a glass of milk is inappropriate for breakfast, but it may be appropriate in a nightclub. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

In ancient times, a brand was an iron used when red-hot for burning a mark into the skin of a domestic animal so that its owner would know whether it belonged to the herd or not. What’s the meaning of the underlined word. ( )
A:烙铁
B:品牌建设
C:品牌
D:品牌故事
答案: 烙铁

In the text, the writer cites two examples of brand experience to draw the conclusion : ( )
A:Brand experience should be consistent and controlled by the organization at every point of contact.
B:A brand creates value.
C:A brand is a relationship.
D:A brand affects the thought process and the emotional responses of an audience.
答案: Brand experience should be consistent and controlled by the organization at every point of contact.

( ), services, and companies are worth more and carry more respect than non-branded ones because people, rightly or wrongly, trust brands.
A:Excellent products
B:Branded products
C:Normal products
D:Expensive products
答案: Branded products

Our plan was to send ( ) in several flights to all the people who lived in the suburban areas
A:e-mail
B:letter
C:direct mail
D:indirect mail
答案: direct mail

It’s just that our () is quicker than our ()and, it is difficult to recognize and explain our feelings.( )
A:intuition
B:mind
C:logic-processing function
D:analytic minds
答案: intuition,logic-processing function

The saying that you “can’t be all things to all people” is true because we each have such a distinct admixture of values derived from these outside influences that make us all different. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

This is particularly true in the negative, as it takes many impressions to destroy the audience’s impression of an organization and its brand. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Brands are seen as important in creating a consumer’s individual identity, and give a sense of achievement and individuality to consumer. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

The writer cites two examples of brand experience. One is a consumer bank, whose advertising is inconsistent with branch experience. The other is a regional coffee company, whose color scheme of direct mails is inconsistent with branch experience. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

Unfortunately, most of this exposure has ( ) this noble profession.
A:been good for
B:cast a negative light on
C:blew through
D:improved the image
答案: cast a negative light on

The SEC has pledged to reform accounting rules and get tough on fraud and ( ).
A:public company
B:audit oversight
C:International business
D:external audit
答案: audit oversight

Despite this historic implications of the Enron Scandal, the accounting profession remains ( ) .
A:intriguing
B:boring
C:spineless
D:hale and hearty
答案: hale and hearty

Accounting allows managers to ( ), look at the organization, and asses how it is doing and determine where it should be going.
A:take a step back
B:leave the business
C:think carefully
D:chew over the business
答案: take a step back

The Enron scandal has not only changed the perception of accountants in the eyes of the (), but will change the field of () as we know it.( )
A:accounting
B:public
C:marketing
D:branding
答案: accounting,public

( ) are discussing how to make the accounting profession more reliable and to increase the respect of accounting professionals in the eyes of the public.

A:the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
B:The government  
C:congressional committee 
D:other regulatory agencies 
答案: the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),The government  
,other regulatory agencies 

More importantly, ( ) are combining to change the roles of accountants, creating new opportunities and spurring job growth for the profession.
A:the rising complexity of corporate activities
B:the wake of the recent financial crisis
C:the increased use of technology
D:the growth of international business
答案: the rising complexity of corporate activities
,the increased use of technology
,the growth of international business

Accounting is a system by which economic information is identified, recorded, summarized and reported for the use of decision makers. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

In paragraph one, the writer gives us the traditional view on accounting: Boring, horrible debilitating disease, appallingly dull, unimaginative, timid, lacking initiative, spineless, easily dominated, no sense of humor, irrepressibly drab. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Accounting has entered the public consciousness like never before because of the Enron scandal, which was a financial scandal Enron Corporation was involved in. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

My memories of those years are filled with a lot of peak experiences that I wouldn’t ( ) at any price.
A:trade for
B:trade off
C:trade in
D:trade away
答案: trade away

It was mindless, thoughtless spending-the type of things that ( ) when you do them, but fills you with regret later when you realize your wallet is empty.
A:brings deep sorrow
B:brings a really quick rush
C:brings happiness
D:brings regret
答案: brings a really quick rush

The gap is simply the difference between your income and your ( )—the money left over when you’ve taken care of the bare essentials.
A:miscellaneous expenses
B:physiological needs
C:required bills
D:physical needs
答案: required bills

The “gap” is also the source of our savings for ( ), for debt repayment, and for other financial goals.
A:the luxurious life
B:the past
C:the happy life
D:the future
答案: the future

I’ll be the last person to tell you that you should just cut all of that non-essential spending and live a (), () grass and living in a shack with only a deck of cards for entertainment.( )
A:depending on
B:subsisting on
C:luxurious existence
D:stoic existence
答案: subsisting on,stoic existence

Through leaning the four subheadings: Spending less than you earn, (), (), budgeting, the writer gets the conclusion: money management is about decision-making, not about the techniques. ( )
A:Mind the gap
B:Wants and needs
C:Gap consideration
D:Desires and necessities
答案: Mind the gap
,Wants and needs

Impulsive buying may lead to problems such as (), (), () or disappointment.( )
A:a feeling of guilt
B:family disapproval
C:financial difficulties
D:satisfied feeling
答案: a feeling of guilt
,family disapproval
,financial difficulties

However, a budget is often saddled with much more than it can ever live up to. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

“Minding the gap” doesn’t mean dropping all of your fun expenses and putting it all in the bank. Instead, it simply means stepping back and looking at your core values for a moment. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

There are three subheadings in the text, each represents a distinct aspect of the topic, which is how to manage your personal surplus. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

For almost a week, I struggled internally with whether this “promotion” was really ( ) me and whether it advanced my career —VP title notwithstanding.
A:bad to
B:busy with
C:beneficial to
D:blessed with
答案: beneficial to

Why did I relinquish the status of working as a ( ) to move into the much maligned HR department?
A:general attorney
B:Vice-president
C:general counsel
D:corporate attorney
答案: corporate attorney

We were not going to be the ( ) but would work collaboratively with the senior management team and employees to pursue business success.
A:supporting apartment
B:independent apartment
C:lone wolf
D:leading sector
答案: lone wolf

After the cutting of retirees’ benefits became known, the staff and the community were ( ).
A:happy
B:satisfied
C:angry
D:up in arms
答案: up in arms

It reminds me of Herb Kelleher, the founder of Southwest Airlines, saying that his company wasn’t in the airline business, but in the () and (). ( )
A:corporate strategies
B:customer service
C:marketing
D:people business
答案: customer service,people business

Having worked in corporate America for several years, I had a vision of what HR could accomplish. I knew HR could be on the () of making a company (). ( )
A:edge position
B:cutting edge
C:thrive
D:down
答案: cutting edge
,thrive

She couldn’t understand why I was relinquishing the status that comes with being () and () to move into HR.( )
A:CEO
B:an attorney
C:CFO
D:associate general counsel
答案: an attorney
,associate general counsel

The author’s grandmother understand why he gave up attorney and associate general counsel to move into HR which gets little respect. (错)

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

In the last paragraph, staff members wrote e-mails to the CEO, the local newspaper reported the story, they understand the company’s heart. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

How many principles are discussed in Text A? ( )
A:4
B:3
C:1
D:2
答案: 2

Which of the following statement is true? ( )
A:Rational people know that decisions in life are really black and white.
B:Decision-making is very easy for rational people.
C:When rational people make decisions in life, they are very certain of the choice.
D:Rational people know that decisions in life are rarely black and white.
答案: Rational people know that decisions in life are rarely black and white.

When the price of an apple rises, what action will people take? ( )
A:People decide to eat fewer apples.
B:Sellers decide to harvest more apples.
C:The owners of the apple orchard decide to hire more workers.
D:Sellers decide to harvest fewer apples.
答案: People decide to eat fewer apples.
,Sellers decide to harvest more apples.
,The owners of the apple orchard decide to hire more workers.

Which of the following statements about seat belt law are true? ( )
A:The result of a seat belt is few accidents.
B:Seat belts reduce the benefits of slow and careful driving.
C:The result of a seat belt is a large number of accidents.
D:Seat belts make accident less costly.
答案: Seat belts reduce the benefits of slow and careful driving.
,The result of a seat belt is a large number of accidents.
,Seat belts make accident less costly.

Economists normally assume that people are irrational. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Marginal changes are small gradual changes of the present plan of an action. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

At the time of examination, students have to decide how to use all their time studying. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

The example of the standby fly is told to show how cost can be ignored. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

The gasoline tax has an effect on people’s choice of cars. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Policymakers need to take into consideration the less obvious indirect effects of a policy. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Learning to think like an economist will not take time.            

A:对
B:错
答案: 错

To beginners it doesn’t seem odd to claim that economics is a science. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

It is very easy for economists to generate useful data like a physicist. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Assuming the marble falls in a vacuum greatly simplifies the problem, but it affects the answer. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data ( ) verify or refute their theories. ( )
A:in an attempt to
B:to fit together
C:to apply to
D:to mistake for
答案: in an attempt to

Which term refers to the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another product. ( )
A:vector space
B:elasticity
C:high inflation
D:comparative advantage
答案: comparative advantage

Which term refers to the fall in total surplus that results from a market distortion. ( )
A:theory of inflation
B:basic anatomy
C:deadweight loss
D:quantity of money
答案: deadweight loss

Economists, like astronomers and evolutionary biologists, usually have to ( ) whatever data the world happens to give them. ( )
A:slow down
B:lie in
C:basic anatomy
D:make do with
答案: make do with

Which statements are true according to text A? ( )
A:A biologist approaches the study of life.
B:Economic models include every feature of the economy.
C:Economists approach the study of the economy.
D:A physicist approaches the study of matter.
答案: A biologist approaches the study of life.
,Economists approach the study of the economy.
,A physicist approaches the study of matter.

Even if we cannot avoid frictional unemployment, we can affect the extent of frictional unemployment. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

One way to judge the seriousness of unemployment situation is to consider whether the unemployment is short-term or long-term condition. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

The writer divides the problem of unemployment into three categories. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

One reason why economy experiences unemployment is job search. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Policymakers can’t help the unemployment. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

( ) refers to the year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment around its natural rate, and it is closely associated with the sort-run ups and downs of economic activity. ( )
A:GDP
B:Frictional unemployment
C:Cyclical unemployment
D:Sectoral shift
答案: Cyclical unemployment

The faster information spreads about ____ and worker availability, the more rapidly the economy can match workers and firms. ( )
A:newspaper ads
B:job openings
C:job candidates
D:Internet job sites
答案: job openings

Another way is through public training programs, which aim to ease the transition of workers from declining to growing industries and to help ____ escape poverty.( )
A:laid-off workers
B:on-the-job training
C:private market
D:disadvantaged groups
答案: disadvantaged groups

One way is through government-run employment agencies, which ( ) about job vacancies. ( )
A:get involved with
B:open up
C:rely on
D:give out information
答案: give out information

The writer mainly talks about the phenomenon—frictional unemployment by giving us the example about ( ). ( )
A:University placement office
B:Fujitsu computers
C:headhunters
D:Acer computers
答案: Fujitsu computers
,Acer computers

Love and sexuality have become seen as closely connected only in modern times . ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

Sociology teaches us that the “givens” of our life are strongly influenced by historical and social forces. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

In the Middle Ages, the wealthy may often have seen each other in private. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

Our individual lives reflect the contexts of our social experience. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

Sociology has a fundamental role to play in modern intellectual life. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 对

A sociologist is someone who is able to（ ) the immediacy of personal circumstances and put things in a wider context. ( )
A:be skeptical of
B:cut back on
C:make do with
D:break free from
答案: break free from

Sociology demonstrates the need to ( ) why we are as we are, and why we act as we do. ( )
A:take an action
B:take a much broader view of
C:regard as
D:take up
答案: take a much broader view of

( ) refers to the action of forcing people to leave an area or country because of their racial or national group.( )
A:Social division
B:Intellectual life
C:Ethnic cleansing
D:Private market
答案: Ethnic cleansing

In the Middle Ages and for centuries afterward, men and women married mainly in order to ( ) or to raise children to work the family farm. ( )
A:get involved with
B:be obsessed with
C:take into account
D:keep property in the hands of family
答案: keep property in the hands of family

Which statements are true according to text A. ( ). ( )
A:The vast majority of marriages are arranged by parents or other relatives in many Western countries today.
B:Love expresses a mutual physical and personal attachment two individuals feel for one another.
C:Romantic love first made its appearance in courtly circles.
D:The scope of sociological study is extremely narrow.
答案: Love expresses a mutual physical and personal attachment two individuals feel for one another.
,Romantic love first made its appearance in courtly circles.

The expression of cultural universals varies from culture to culture, but it does not change over time within a society. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

The find of the DNA molecule in an act of discovery. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Nonmaterial culture refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. ( )
A:错
B:对
答案: 错

Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects and behaviors. （ ）
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

Cultural characteristics will not change as cultures develop. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 错

The internet is an example of invention. ( )
A:对
B:错
答案: 对

What does the emergence of Starbucks in China illustrate? ( )
A:Starbucks company is a great company
B:China has a big market
C:Chinese people change their habit
D:a rapidly escalating trend called globalization
答案: a rapidly escalating trend called globalization

Anthropologist George Murdock compiled a list of cultural universals, which of the following are included? ( )
A:wedding ceremony
B:athletic sports
C:sexual restriction
D:medicine
答案: athletic sports
,sexual restriction
,medicine

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels warned in The Communist Manifesto of a world market that would lead to().( )
A:increasing competition
B:sweeping away existing working relationships
C:production in distant lands
D:production in nearby places
答案: sweeping away existing working relationships
,production in distant lands

Diffusion can occur through a variety of means, which of the following items are included? ( )
A:mass media
B:missionary work
C:tourism
D:exploration
答案: mass media
,missionary work
,tourism
,exploration